Free-hand interaction with large displays is getting more common, for example in public settings and exertion games. Adding haptic feedback offers the potential for more realistic and immersive experiences. While vibrotactile feedback is well known, electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has not yet been explored in free-hand interaction with large displays. EMS offers a wide range of different strengths and qualities of haptic feedback. In this paper we first systematically investigate the design space for haptic feedback. Second, we experimentally explore differences between strengths of EMS and vibrotactile feedback. Third, based on the results, we evaluate EMS and vibrotactile feedback with regard to different virtual objects (soft, hard) and interaction with different gestures (touch, grasp, punch) in front of a large display. The results provide a basis for the design of haptic feedback that is appropriate for the given type of interaction and the material.    «

Free-hand interaction with large displays is getting more common, for example in public settings and exertion games. Adding haptic feedback offers the potential for more realistic and immersive experiences. While vibrotactile feedback is well known, electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has not yet been explored in free-hand interaction with large displays. EMS offers a wide range of different strengths and qualities of haptic feedback. In this paper we first systematically investigate the design...    »