The A high content of metakaolin in calcined clay blended cement exercises has a positive effect on the early strength development, however, it also leads to a poor workability. Moreover, slump retention is more difficult to achieve in this system than in OPC or other composite cements. In this study, several approaches were investigated to achieve fluidizing ability of mortars prepared from composite cements holding 30 wt. % of calcined clay with varying amounts of meta kaolinmetakaolin (~ 23 wt.%, ~ 51 wt.%). First, it was found that the slump retaining performance of a common industrial ready-mix type HPEG PCE rapidly decreased decreases when the content of meta kaolinmetakaolin increases. Furthermore, a combination of the ready-mix HPEG PCE and a retarder (sodium gluconate) which is commonly applied in ready-mix concrete, also fails to improve fluidity retention in calcined clay blended cement with a high level of meta kaolinmetakaolin, hence highlighting the difficulty of slump retention for such cements. To mitigate this problem, a unique admixture based on the combination of a precast type HPEG PCE and a novel PCE-LDH nanocomposite is introduced. Mortar tests revealed that the high water-reducing (precast) type HPEG PCE and the PCE-LDH nanocomposite enables to achieve a remarkable improvement in fluidity retention of such calcined clay blended cements.    «

The A high content of metakaolin in calcined clay blended cement exercises has a positive effect on the early strength development, however, it also leads to a poor workability. Moreover, slump retention is more difficult to achieve in this system than in OPC or other composite cements. In this study, several approaches were investigated to achieve fluidizing ability of mortars prepared from composite cements holding 30 wt. % of calcined clay with varying amounts of meta kaolinmetakaolin (~ 23...    »