Research on human–automation interaction has long emphasized the joint influence of human and automation-related factors on over-reliance. Yet studies traditionally focus on operators of automation, with little attention to incidental users (who encounter automated systems in their environment but are not their primary users). To address this gap, this study examined whether trust in automated vehicles shapes over-reliant pedestrian behaviour. An open dataset from a published laboratory study (Eisele et al., 2024) was reanalysed, where over-reliance was operationalized as initiating crossing in front of a close, non-yielding vehicle. A logistic GLM was fitted to compare the predictive strength of trust with those of vehicle-to-pedestrian message type and the built environment. Trust was a strong positive predictor of over-reliant behaviour, whereas explicit communication of intent had an even larger effect in the opposite direction. Environment had no meaningful effect in this dataset. These findings provide some of the first evidence that the predictors identified in supervisory control research can extend to incidental users of automation. The findings further suggest that while latent human factors, like trust, critically shape pedestrian behaviour, designable system elements, such as vehicle messaging, offer means to reduce over-reliance and promote safety across diverse users and contexts.     «

Research on human–automation interaction has long emphasized the joint influence of human and automation-related factors on over-reliance. Yet studies traditionally focus on operators of automation, with little attention to incidental users (who encounter automated systems in their environment but are not their primary users). To address this gap, this study examined whether trust in automated vehicles shapes over-reliant pedestrian behaviour. An open dataset from a published laboratory stud...     »